El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la percepción de la inclusión educativa en sus dimensiones de políticas, prácticas y cultura de los directivos, docentes y asistentes de la educación, considerando las variables rol y género, en centros educativos de nivel secundario de la octava región del Biobío de Chile. La metodología es cuantitativa de carácter descriptivo, con un diseño no experimental transaccional, la muestra está compuesta de 346 profesionales. Los resultados generales arrojan una percepción muy favorable hacia la dimensión (...) prácticas inclusivas, tanto en la variable rol los directivos y en género las mujeres. (shrink)

Motivation in schizophrenia has been a key research aim for several decades. Motivation is a very complex process underlying negative symptoms that has been assessed and identified using very different instruments and terminologies. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the growing literature production and highlights an extensive set of variables to better understand the study of motivation. Electronic databases were searched in order to compile relevant studies of motivation in individuals with schizophrenia. The initial search identified 3,248 potentially interesting (...) records, and of these, 161 articles published between 1956 and 2017 were finally included. Information such as year of publication, journal, country, and number of authors was codified. Variables related to sample characteristics, methodological aspects, and motivational terms were also extracted. The results revealed a significant growth trend in literature production, especially since the 2000s, with reward as the main term studied. In addition, questionnaires were identified as the preferred instrument to assess motivation in patients with schizophrenia. Other aspects such as country of publication, authors, journals of publication, and co-citation network analysis were also examined. The discussion offers recommendations for future research. (shrink)

The purpose of the article was to determine the relationship between the organizational culture and the institutional management of the "Enrique López Albújar" Educational Institution, Piura. Work is worked under a quantitative approach, descriptive and correlational scope, 40 teachers participated as a sample. Among the results, it was found that there is no significant relationship between organizational culture and institutional management, which did not allow validating the research hypothesis; However, a significant relationship between norms and customs with institutional management was (...) found; which concludes in compliance with the norms and good customs based on values. (shrink)

School tourism constitutes a source of learning to strengthen the cultural identity of students. The objective was to compare the development of school tourism in the educational institutions San Pedro Chanel and Carlos Augusto Salaverry. The Leiper space approach was used. The exhibition was constituted by 200 high school students and 20 teachers. The results show that there is statistically significant differences regarding the knowledge of the tourist resources of the province of Sullana. It was concluded that educational tourism is (...) a strategy that tries to bring the student closer to knowledge, awareness and assessment of tourist resources. (shrink)

Los pretendidos efectos positivos del actual sistema de patentes en la investigación biotecnológica han sido ampliamente cuestionados. En el marco de esta crítica, se discute aquí uno de los cimientos del modelo. La tesis de la indispensabilidad de las patentes es examinada a través de tres de sus presupuestos: el acceso a la información, el acceso y uso de las invenciones y el incremento de la creatividad y de la investigación que se suponen garantizados a través de las biopatentes. Aplicado (...) a la biología sintética, este enfoque revela que, junto a nuevas técnicas y prometedores productos potenciales, esta disciplina brinda igualmente muestra de tal problemática. Sin embargo, ofrece también una nueva visión de la propiedad industrial y de sus efectos en la investigación, basada en una concepción diferente del commons y de sus relaciones con la propiedad privada sobre los bienes inmateriales en la economía del conocimiento. (shrink)

Cuando bioética y derecho hacen frente a un hard problem, el resultado suele ser la diversidad de posiciones doctrinales, la disparidad de soluciones entre los distintos sistemas jurídicos y, a nivel supranacional, la ausencia de regulación o la adopción de una extremadamente restrictiva. Tales diferencias pueden rastrearse hasta las tradiciones culturales de las que proceden. Este trabajo toma a la mejora genética germinal humana como un caso de cómo las diferencias entre las tradiciones culturales atlántica y mediterránea pueden obstaculizar la (...) consecución de un bioderecho internacional. Para la biocuestión elegida, las discrepancias se manifiestan en desiguales concepciones relativas a dos ejes temáticos: la naturaleza y el cuerpo humano. Tras su análisis, se proponen algunas líneas de acción encaminadas a la superación de dichas barreras y la obtención de un bioderecho común para la edición genética perfectiva de la línea germinal humana. (shrink)

Mi comentario se divide en tres partes que obedecen, sin método ni exhaustividad, a las tres facetas que más me han interesado de Dworkin y que esta biografía me permitió revisitar: su faceta de intelectual público, su liberalismo ético o perfeccionista y un breve colofón sobre su generosidad académica.

Este artículo pretende establecer los nexos y asociaciones de los conceptos fundamentales que sustentan la obra filosófica, pero sobre todo la critica literaria de Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot. Hegel y Schlegel aparecen como pilares que fundamentan sus interpretaciones criticas y sobre los cuales se abre el horizonte de América Latina; a través de autores como Jorge Luis Borges, Alfonso Reyes y César Vallejo.

Este artículo pretende establecer los nexos y asociaciones de los conceptos fundamentales que sustentan la obra filosófica, pero sobre todo la critica literaria de Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot. Hegel y Schlegel aparecen como pilares que fundamentan sus interpretaciones criticas y sobre los cuales se abre el horizonte de América Latina; a través de autores como Jorge Luis Borges, Alfonso Reyes y César Vallejo.

Si bien en la filosofía de las ciencias ya se han explorado algunos ejemplos provenientes de la bioquímica como casos de estudio, la filosofía de la bioquímica es una subdisciplina naciente. En este artículo estudiaremos dos problemas filosóficos de relevancia contemporánea en esta ciencia. Por un lado, examinaremos las bases epistemológicas del problema del plegamiento de proteínas. En particular lo relacionado con la predicción de la estructura tridimensional de las proteínas a partir de su secuencia, asunto que ha dado mucho (...) que hablar debido a los nuevos avances utilizando deep learning. Por otro lado, exploraremos el problema in-vitro/in-vivo y, más generalmente, el problema de la extrapolación en las ciencias biológicas. Finalmente, a partir de las consecuencias de ambos temas consideraremos algunas reflexiones filosóficas generales acerca del reduccionismo, el pluralismo y el lugar de la bioquímica en las ciencias biológicas. Palabras clave: Bioquímica, Plegamiento de proteínas, In-vitro/in-vivo, Pluralismo, Reduccionismo. (shrink)

This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal trends in mathematical competencies of Grade 8 students in a public high school located in Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. The study collected data over a period of six academic years, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of students' performance in 16 distinct mathematical competences of basic education curriculum. These topics include, but are not limited to, special products and factors, factoring, and basic concepts of probability. Using a quantitative research design, the study analyzed both (...) numerical and secondary data to identify patterns or trends in students' mathematical competencies. Trends were analyzed through regression analysis using slopes. The significance of these trends was then evaluated using t-tests for the standard error of slopes. The statistical analysis revealed significant upward trends in certain mathematical topics, indicating an improvement in the students' competencies over the six academic years. However, certain topics displayed downward or stable trends, indicating areas for improvement in the teaching methods used for these topics. The study highlights the importance of flexible and adaptable approaches to mathematics education. It emphasizes the need for constant evaluation and improvement of teaching methods to enhance student learning outcomes. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers to guide evidence-based decision-making and improve the quality of mathematics education in the new normal setup. Implications and future research directions are incorporated in the study. (shrink)

The protein folding problem is one of the foundational problems of biochemistry and it is still considered unsolved. It basically consists of two main questions: what are the factors determining the stability of the protein’s native structure and how does the protein acquire it starting from an unfolded state. Since its first formulation, two main explanatory approaches have dominated the field of protein folding research: a thermodynamic approach focused on energetic features and a kinetic approach focused on the temporal development (...) of protein chains and structural considerations. Although these two approaches are tightly intertwined in biochemical practice and largely agree on which are the parts and activities in which the phenomenon under study should be decomposed to, there nevertheless exist important contrasts that have had repercussions on the development of the field and still engender vigorous debate. We shall analyse the historical development of the field and crucial aspects of current scientific debates. On this basis, we argue that the main sources of disagreement centre on the causal interpretation of thermodynamic and kinetic explanations, on the explanatory relevance assigned to different features of the phenomena under study and on the status of the ontological assumptions concerning the entities under study. (shrink)

Class, race and gender are three of the most salient factors in society. They determine to an important extent the opportunities we have, e.g. to access public.

CONTENIDO: El entierro - El padre - Otro padre - La montaña mágica - Los amigos - Bucarest - En Sumapáz - Yolanda - Cali - Medellín - Freud - Doctorado Honoris Causa - Los derechos humanos - La angustia.

The European framework surrounding clinical trials on medicinal products for human use is going to change as demonstrated by the large debate at European institutional level. One of the major challenges is to overcome the lack of harmonisation of clinical trial procedures among countries. This aspect is gaining more and more importance, considering the increasing number of multicentre and multinational studies. In this work, the actual European rules governing the Clinical Trial Application have been analysed throughout the different steps including (...) the registration of the trial in the European database; the preparation of documents to be submitted and their contents; the preparation of documents related to the information and consent process; the submission to competent bodies. Specific issues related to paediatric research and trials involving non EU/EEA countries have been addressed as well. Results reveal that the European legislation offers a well defined set of European rules covering different aspects of a Clinical Trial Application. However, these are not suitable to meet the challenges from multicentre and multinational clinical studies. A stronger set of rules, such as is available in a composite European Regulation has been adopted and is expected to harmonise practices and enable sponsors to carry out well conducted trials. But will the new regulation overcome the existing criticisms of Directive 2001/20/EC? (shrink)

Over the past three decades, economic sociology has been revealing how culture shapes economic life even while economic facts affect social relationships. This work has transformed the field into a flourishing and increasingly influential discipline. No one has played a greater role in this development than Viviana Zelizer, one of the world's leading sociologists. Economic Lives synthesizes and extends her most important work to date, demonstrating the full breadth and range of her field-defining contributions in a single volume for (...) the first time. Economic Lives shows how shared cultural understandings and interpersonal relations shape everyday economic activities. Far from being simple responses to narrow individual incentives and preferences, economic actions emerge, persist, and are transformed by our relations to others. Distilling three decades of research, the book offers a distinctive vision of economic activity that brings out the hidden meanings and social actions behind the supposedly impersonal worlds of production, consumption, and asset transfer. Economic Lives ranges broadly from life insurance marketing, corporate ethics, household budgets, and migrant remittances to caring labor, workplace romance, baby markets, and payments for sex. These examples demonstrate an alternative approach to explaining how we manage economic activity--as well as a different way of understanding why conventional economic theory has proved incapable of predicting or responding to recent economic crises. Providing an important perspective on the recent past and possible futures of a growing field, Economic Lives promises to be widely read and discussed. (shrink)

My paper proposes the concept of relational work to explain economic activity. In all economic action, I argue, people engage in the process of differentiating meaningful social relations. For each distinct category of social relations, people erect a boundary, mark the boundary by means of names and practices, establish a set of distinctive understandings that operate within that boundary, designate certain sorts of economic transactions as appropriate for the relation, bar other transactions as inappropriate, and adopt certain media for reckoning (...) and facilitating economic transactions within the relation. I call that process relational work. After identifying specific elements of a relational work approach, the paper focuses on the case of monetary differentiation. It compares a relational work theory of earmarking money with behavioral economics’ individually based mental accounting approach. (shrink)

Este trabajo se enmarca dentro del análisis de las acciones alternativas a la privación de libertad en adolescentes infractores a la ley penal. Intenta buscar soluciones que eviten la cárcel para quienes cometan pequeños delitos, opción que puede disminuir el índice de reincidencias. El objetivo es promover, desde el Trabajo Social, una doble reflexión: primero, analizando críticamente el concepto de delito, su definición en las diversas corrientes ideológicas y su aplicación en la legislación argentina; y segundo, la importancia de que (...) los jóvenes se responsabilicen de sus actos y experimenten caminos alternativos al delito.This work places inside the analysis of the alternative actions to the privation of freedom in inobservant teenagers to the penal law. It tries to look for solutions that avoid the jail for those who commit small crimes, option that can diminish the index of repetitions. The aim is to promote, from the Social Work, a double reflection: first, analyzing critically the concept of crime, his definition in the diverse ideological currents and his application in the argentine legislation; and second, the importance of which the young men take responsibility of his acts and experience alternative ways to the crime. (shrink)

The quest for real democracy is one of the components of sustainable degrowth. But the incipient debate on democracy and degrowth suffers from general definitions and limited connections to political philosophy and democracy theory. This article offers a critical review of democracy theory within the degrowth literature, taking as its focal point a relevant debate between Serge Latouche and Takis Fotopoulos. We argue that the core of their contention can be traced back to the relationship between the concepts of democracy (...) and autonomy as defined by philosopher Cornelius Castoriadis, which both authors and generally the degrowth movement consider as one of their theoretical reference points. We show how both Latouche and Fotopoulos hold a misconception of Castoriadis' notions of autonomy, the social imaginary and politics, which in turn limits their cognisance of democracy and hence confuses their debate concerning the possibilities for a degrowth transition within the confines of a liberal parliamentary democracy. With a clarified theoretical understanding of the interconnected democracy-autonomy assemble, we proceed to an evaluation of the revolutionary potential of the degrowth movement and to a better understanding of a possible relationship between democracy and degrowth. (shrink)

The fitting attitude analysis of value states that for objects to have value is for them to be the fitting targets of attitudes. Good objects are the fitting targets of positive attitudes, while bad objects are the fitting targets of negative attitudes. The following paper presents an argument to the effect that value and the fittingness of attitudes differ in terms of their explanations. Whereas the fittingness of attitudes is explained, inter alia, by both the properties of attitudes and those (...) of their fitting targets, the explanation of value tends to have a different content. In particular, objects have value in virtue of the features that make them valuable, and these need not involve any attitudinal properties. If this is right, then there are reasons to doubt the claim that for objects to have value is just for them to be the fitting targets of attitudes. Insofar as value is a property, it appears to be distinct from the property of objects being the fitting targets of attitudes. (shrink)

La distinción sexo-género, introducida en la teorización feminista de los años setenta, habría puesto de manifiesto la pertinencia de distinguir entre el sexo y las representaciones socio-culturales e identitarias en las que aquel encontraría su despliegue. De la mano de Judith Butler, la teoría queer parece haber llevado esta distinción hasta el extremo, al sostener que existiría una discontinuidad radical entre los cuerpos sexuados y los géneros culturalmente construidos, y proponer una concepción performativa del género, que pondría de relieve el (...) papel central del sujeto en la configuración de su propia identidad. Sujeto que, sin embargo, ya no sería reconocido como mujer o como hombre, pues toda categoría referente a la distinción entre los sexos o entre los géneros binarios (masculino-femenino) habría sido cuestionada de forma radical. A partir de una aproximación a la distinción inicial sexo-género en el marco del debate feminista y de sus antecedentes, el objeto de este trabajo es indagar cómo se plantea esta distinción en una de las obras emblemáticas y pioneras de la filósofa norteamericana Judith Butler ―Gender Trouble―, a fin de abrir algunas líneas de discusión en torno a las aportaciones y limitaciones que habría traído consigo un discurso que nos confronta con la pregunta fundamental por la configuración de la identidad sexual y de género de la persona. (shrink)

La llegada del covid-19 a Chile generó un gran cambio en la educación, se implementaron medidas estrictas de confinamiento la cual obligó a la educación presencial ir de manera virtual. La finalidad de este estudio es mostrar la percepción del estudiantado del programa Bachillerato en Ciencias de la Universidad Santo Tomás frente al proceso educativo virtual que se llevo a cabo en los años 2020-21. Se utilizó un cuestionario de tipo cualitativo, con 32 preguntas. Los resultados muestran que la educación (...) virtual en tiempos de pandemia, genero diversos factores de stress, problemas de conectividad, acceso a tecnologías y falta de aprendizaje. (shrink)

En esta breve reflexión nos centraremos en dos aspectos de la frase poética, el primero es el ritmo y el segundo, la metáfora. Nos referiremos al ritmo como imagen, musicalidad y sentido que trasciende la métrica, y a la metáfora como figura de pensamiento y vehículo para ingresar en una nueva percepción del mundo. El análisis de estos dos elementos propicia un acercamiento hermenéutico al poema como un devenir.

La voz humana es un fenómeno ampliamente estudiado desde una gran variedad de disciplinas, desde las especialidades de la medicina hasta las artes. Aunque esta situación resulta enriquecedora, la multiplicidad de perspectivas ha conspirado contra la formulación de una concepción única de la voz y de un sistema lógico que pueda ayudar a entender los fenómenos asociados con ella en términos más generales, enfatizando continuidades y relaciones en lugar de requerir cada vez una definición del objeto de estudio de acuerdo (...) con las herramientas conceptuales y las metodologías de cada disciplina. La semeiotica de Peirce ofrece una alternativa a esta fragmentación de los estudios de la voz, especialmente a través de su taxonomía de signos relacionada con las categorías faneroscópicas. El nonágono semiótico es un modelo operativo que, adoptando la forma de un ícono diagramático, ayuda a aplicar las categorías peirceanas al análisis de conceptos, objetos o disciplinas en general. Con el nonágono semiótico como herramienta metodológica, este artículo ofrece una forma de analizar, describir y categorizar de acuerdo con criterios lógicos los múltiples usos de la voz humana. Se espera que las relaciones que revela entre usos radicalmente diferentes de la voz ayuden a reducir la redundancia entre disciplinas y a proveer nuevas direcciones para la investigación en otras áreas, así también como para cubrir potenciales necesidades pedagógicas y analíticas en las artes y otras disciplinas. (shrink)

Las nuevas prácticas pedagógicas buscan un camino donde el educador se encuentre con el educando de manera horizontal, debido a que el conocimiento no se limita a un aula. Por ello surge el término de educación expandida, que apoya la idea de que la educación trasciende y traspasa la escuela y empatiza con los nuevos escenarios tecnológicos de comunicación. El objetivo de la investigación consistió en diagnosticar y categorizar la educación expandida en tres casos de la Universidad UNIMINUTO, los cuales (...) tuvieron impacto en la transformación dentro de la interacción e intercambio de saberes de las practicas pedagógicas. (shrink)

This article addresses the general ethical issues of accessing online personal data for research purposes. The authors discuss the practical aspects of online research with a specific case study that illustrates the ethical challenges encountered when accessing data from Kooth, an online youth web-counselling service. This paper firstly highlights the relevance of a process-based approach to ethics when accessing highly sensitive data and then discusses the ethical considerations and potential challenges regarding the accessing of public data from Digital Mental Health (...) services. It presents solutions that aim to protect young DMH service users as well as the DMH providers and researchers mining such data. Special consideration is given to service users’ expectations of what their data might be used for, as well as their perceptions of whether the data they post is public, private or open. We provide recommendations for planning and designing online research in an ethical manner that includes vulnerable young people as research participants. We emphasise the distinction between public, private and open data, which is crucial to comprehend the ethical challenges in accessing DMH data. Among our key recommendations, we foreground the need to consider a collaborative approach with the DMH providers while respecting service users’ control over personal data, and we propose the implementation of digital solutions embedded within the platform for explicit opt-out/opt-in recruitment strategies and ‘read more’ options. (shrink)

The technical possibilities of biomedicine open up the opportunity to intervene in ageing itself with the aim of mitigating, reducing or eliminating it. However, before undertaking these changes or rejecting them outright, it is necessary to ask ourselves if what would be lost by doing so really has much value. This article will analyse the desirability of ageing from an individual point of view, without circumscribing this question to the desirability or undesirability of death. First, we will present the three (...) most widely used arguments to reject biomedical interventions against ageing. We will argue that only the last of these arguments provides a consistent answer to the question of the desirability of ageing. Second, we will show that the third argument falls prey to a conceptual confusion that we will call the paradox of ageing: although ageing entails negative health effects, it leads to a life stage with valuable goods. Both valuations, one positive and the other negative, refer to two different dimensions of ageing: the chronological and the biological. We will defend that, by not adequately distinguishing these two types of ageing, it does not become apparent that all the valuable goods exclusive to ageing derive only from its chronological dimension. Third, we will argue that, if we just conceive ageing biologically, it is undesirable. We will elaborate on the two kinds of undesirable effects biological ageing has: direct and indirect. Finally, we will respond to potential objections by adducing that these are insufficient to weaken our argument. (shrink)

Las estrategias de adquisición léxica implementadas en formato multimedia han sido poco estudiadas, especialmente las que se utilizan en documentos diseñados para estudiantes en nivel preescolar. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar estrategias de adquisición léxica presentes en el documento digital que complementa al libro de texto de inglés para Kínder “Calibot 2”, único en su tipo de editorial chilena. Para esto, se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo de diseño análisis documental a la luz de la propuesta de (...) Nation (2007) conocida como las Four strands o cuatro hebras a partir de la que se levantaron categorías de análisis que fueron aplicadas por medio del software Nvivo12. Se encontraron 11 estrategias de adquisición léxica presentadas de forma multimedia que apoyarían la adquisición efectiva de léxico en una L2. Si bien los resultados aportan al ámbito pedagógico al promover el conocimiento de estrategias de adquisición léxica de L2 que pueden ser implementadas en formato multimedia, la presencia de estas estrategias se limita al documento analizado y sus resultados no pueden ser generalizados. (shrink)

The purpose of this article is to construct a critique of some works by the French artist Lucy Schwob, better known as Claude Cahun, who was active between 1910 and 1950. A writer and photographer, Cahun was at first very close to symbolist positions; later she was closer to the surrealist movement. Her work and her life, continually suspended between genders, and between ‘normality’ and ‘deviance’, have so far been analysed mainly through gender studies. This article attempts to restore the (...) inherent complexity of her poetic work and aesthetic. It tries to widen the field of study to deal with the representation of alterity, through reversing the stereotypical representation. (shrink)

This chapter considers the key values underlying and explaining important features of international law as a system of law. It uses that value analysis as a way of interpreting international law and of asking whether, within those values, international law can be made to serve certain 'global cosmopolitan' re-distributive aims. The chapter argues that the constraints of international law mean that it is not an appropriate medium for global re-distributive goals commonly associated with theories of societal justice. Because those features (...) and constraints are based in values that international law distinctly serves, those constraints cannot simply be ignored, overridden, or changed judicially. (shrink)

Sebbene la ricchezza espressiva e la versatilità della scrittura di J.M. Coetzee si prestino ad una varietà di studi e considerazioni che riescono a coinvolgere molteplici discipline, solo i saggi che compongono il presente volume si impongono come un primo importante studio volto a comprendere, in maniera più sistematica, l’ampia pluralità di voci che caratterizza la critica coetziana. Il volume, dunque, riesce a superare le analisi meramente settoriali e unilaterali perché, cogliendo le pro...

Changemaker Education is a collection of practitioner-based case studies that highlight the why, what, and how of empowering educational experiences.

Questo studio investiga quali siano i punti di contatto tra il filosofo tedesco Friedrich Nietzsche e lo scrittore svedese Hjalmar Söderberg nel romanzo di quest’ultimo Doktor Glas. L’articolo prende in esame due testi nietzschiani finora poco messi in relazione con l’opera söderberghiana, Über Wahrheit und Lüge im außermoralischen Sinne e Die fröhliche Wissenschaft, evidenziando gli influssi che il pensiero del filosofo tedesco ha esercitato sulla concezione del Doktor Glas. L’analisi prende le mosse dai concetti di menzogna e conoscenza così come (...) formulati in Über Wahrheit und Lüge im außermoralischen Sinne e dal concetto di “morte di Dio”, identificando in quest’ultimo il crollo della metafisica nel pensiero filosofico europeo a partire dalla rivoluzione copernicana. Il saggio illustra come a questo cambiamento sia sopraggiunto lo svilupparsi di una nuova sensibilità tecnico-scientifica legata alla physis, cambiamento che vede nella figura del medico il suo massimo esponente. L’articolo mette dunque in luce come nel Doktor Glas il passaggio dalla metafisica alla physis venga rappresentato come un momento di crisi esistenziale, non avendo il medico la capacità di superare il trauma della perdita della metafisica. Quest’incapacità è causata dalla conoscenza, la quale se offre la possibilità di scoprire le menzogne usate dalla società, non consente però di trovare lo stimolo per superare la condizione di vuoto causata dalla “morte di Dio”. Söderberg fornisce dunque nel suo romanzo un’interpretazione pessimistica della crisi di Fin de siècle, inquadrando nella paralisi interiore del dottor Tyko Gabriel Glas e l’omicidio inconcludente del pastore Gregorius il fallimento del passaggio dal paradigma metafisico al paradigma della physis e l’impossibilità di superare la crisi tramite una metamorfosi nella condizione di Übermensch. (shrink)